Constructed by the first bishop of Mexico City in 1695.
The church was raised by Pius X to the status of basilica in 1904.
In 1976 the image was transferred to the newly constructed Modern Basilica, because the Old Basilica was sinking in the ground.
The golden mosaic reads:
MEXICUS HEIC POPULUS MIRA SUB IMAGINE GAUDET TE COLERE ALMA PARENS PRAESIDIOQUE FRUI PER TE SIC VIGEAT FELIX TEQUE AUSPICE CRISTI IMMOTAM SERVET FIRMIOR USQUE FIDEM. -LEO PP. XIII
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